{"id": "card_n_1d02475f73b7", "kind": "note", "title": "Easton: Zamzummims", "body": "A race of giants; “a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims” (Deut. 2:20, 21). They were overcome by the Ammonites, “who called them Zamzummims.” They belonged to the Rephaim, and inhabited the country afterwards occupied by the Ammonites. It has been conjectured that they might be Ham-zuzims, i.e., Zuzims dwelling in Ham, a place apparently to the south of Ashteroth (Gen. 14:5), the ancient Rabbath-ammon.", "source": {"label": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "url": "/characters.html?search=Zamzummims", "ref": "Zamzummims", "authority_tier": "external_aligned"}, "shelf": "dictionary", "box": "easton_place_u_z", "bands": ["easton", "bible_dictionary", "place"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_1e708238853c", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_1265d9c7f705", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_spine_words", "relationship": "member_of", "evidence": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T13:11:12.482484+00:00", "updated_at": "2026-05-19T19:50:52.211419+00:00", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 0, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "source_hash": "3a0d4ea00502dcadebeffd7dfd3371fc4592477bb7e018ad01f245f3ef3eaa5e", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original 1897 publication — Thomas Nelson, London", "ref": "Easton-1897"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Project Gutenberg — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45696", "ref": "PG-45696"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Internet Archive — multiple scans", "url": "https://archive.org/details/eastonsillustra00east", "ref": "IA-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/", "ref": "CCEL-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Blue Letter Bible — searchable Easton's", "url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/easton/", "ref": "BLB-Easton"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "5 witnesses across 2 independence classes: ['manuscript_tradition', 'republication']", "surface": "secular", "call": "dictionary.easton.place_u_z", "facets": {"dictionary": [], "place": []}, "presentation": {"glyph": "•", "kind_label": "easton place u z", "by": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "authority": "external_aligned", "posted": "", "standing": "", "link": {"url": "/characters.html?search=Zamzummims", "host": "", "provider": "", "titled": "Easton: Zamzummims", "waybill_line": "", "reach": "", "embed": ""}}, "neighbors": [{"id": "card_n_1e708238853c", "title": "Easton: Wandering", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_1e708238853c", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_n_1265d9c7f705", "title": "Easton: Zaretan", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_1265d9c7f705", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_spine_words", "title": "The Dictionary & Thesaurus", "relationship": "on the shelf of", "why": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping", "href": "/card/card_spine_words", "resolved": true}]}