{"id": "card_n_26da659c539b", "kind": "note", "title": "Easton: Pharpar", "body": "Swift, one of the rivers of Damascus (2 Kings 5:12). It has been identified with the ‘Awaj, “a small lively river.” The whole of the district watered by the ‘Awaj is called the Wady el-‘Ajam, i.e., “the valley of the Persians”, so called for some unknown reason. This river empties itself into the lake or marsh Bahret Hijaneh, on the east of Damascus. One of its branches bears the modern name of Wady Barbar, which is probably a corruption of Pharpar.", "source": {"label": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "url": "/characters.html?search=Pharpar", "ref": "Pharpar", "authority_tier": "external_aligned"}, "shelf": "dictionary", "box": "easton_place_m_p", "bands": ["easton", "bible_dictionary", "place"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_27ce3e403bbd", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_24b6afaf7c46", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_spine_words", "relationship": "member_of", "evidence": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T13:11:11.534737+00:00", "updated_at": "2026-05-19T19:50:52.653495+00:00", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 0, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "source_hash": "c001c20e005caa42a1af0bc81579b358cae26e65ce6ccd0c385c67e1f024e30b", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original 1897 publication — Thomas Nelson, London", "ref": "Easton-1897"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Project Gutenberg — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45696", "ref": "PG-45696"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Internet Archive — multiple scans", "url": "https://archive.org/details/eastonsillustra00east", "ref": "IA-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/", "ref": "CCEL-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Blue Letter Bible — searchable Easton's", "url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/easton/", "ref": "BLB-Easton"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "5 witnesses across 2 independence classes: ['manuscript_tradition', 'republication']", "surface": "secular", "call": "dictionary.easton.place_m_p", "facets": {"dictionary": [], "place": []}, "presentation": {"glyph": "•", "kind_label": "easton place m p", "by": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "authority": "external_aligned", "posted": "", "standing": "", "link": {"url": "/characters.html?search=Pharpar", "host": "", "provider": "", "titled": "Easton: Pharpar", "waybill_line": "", "reach": "", "embed": ""}}, "neighbors": [{"id": "card_n_27ce3e403bbd", "title": "Easton: Nephtoah", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_27ce3e403bbd", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_n_24b6afaf7c46", "title": "Easton: Mosera", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_24b6afaf7c46", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_spine_words", "title": "The Dictionary & Thesaurus", "relationship": "on the shelf of", "why": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping", "href": "/card/card_spine_words", "resolved": true}]}