{"query": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "count": 20, "results": [{"id": "card_n_36048aaa9a1b", "title": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Swadesh (1950s): a language's CORE vocabulary — the 100-200 most basic words (mother,\nwater, two, hand) — is replaced at a roughly constant rate, so its loss is EXPONENTIAL:\nretention r^t with r about"}, {"id": "card_src_word_carbon_14_dating", "title": "carbon-14 dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "carbon-14 dating: (noun) a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon 14; believed to be reliable up to 40,000 years — syn: radi"}, {"id": "card_src_word_carbon_dating", "title": "carbon dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "carbon dating: (noun) a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon 14; believed to be reliable up to 40,000 years — syn: radioca"}, {"id": "card_c_122ecae2ff8b", "title": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words ↔ Radioactive decay — the exponential clock of", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "The identical decay math as carbon-14, which is why it is called linguistic dating.  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified."}, {"id": "card_c_725caaab0d02", "title": "Vocabulary decays like carbon-14", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Exponential loss with a half-life — glottochronology is the carbon-dating of words."}, {"id": "card_src_word_radiocarbon_dating", "title": "radiocarbon dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "radiocarbon dating: (noun) a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon 14; believed to be reliable up to 40,000 years — syn: ca"}, {"id": "card_c_26c735e9dff1", "title": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words ↔ Capacitor — the exponential clock (RC time c", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Words decay by RATIO, like atoms, like a capacitor, like everything on the exponential spine.  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified."}, {"id": "card_c_544e9ef10888", "title": "Tracing the peoples — genes and words, two c ↔ Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "shared basic vocabulary decays exponentially to 47% after five millennia — the linguistic half-life beside the genetic one  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified."}, {"id": "card_src_book_65151", "title": "How Old Is It? The Story of Dating in Archeaology — James Schoenwetter", "shelf": "gutenberg", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "How Old Is It? The Story of Dating in Archeaology, by James Schoenwetter. Subjects: Radiocarbon dating; Archaeological dating; Dendrochronology. Read the full text (public domain): https://www.gutenbe"}, {"id": "card_c_804625bf79f2", "title": "The linguistic clock — the comparative metho ↔ Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "glottochronology's exponential vocabulary decay gives a rough clock — 47% of basic words shared after five millennia, sealed, a ~4,595-year half-life sealed earlier.  — a concord the card itself state"}, {"id": "card_c_acce15e9c67a", "title": "The evolution of language — descent traced b ↔ Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "glottochronology's constant rate is HEURISTIC — a trend, not a law  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified."}, {"id": "card_n_cfb57dd6b005", "title": "Radioactive decay — the exponential clock of matter", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Sealed in-domain: after one half-life exactly half remains; after two, exactly one\nquarter (2^(−2) = 1/4, exact); carbon-14's decay constant is ln2/5730 years = 3.833×10⁻¹²\nper second: https://narrowh"}, {"id": "card_src_word_dating", "title": "dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "dating: (noun) use of chemical analysis to estimate the age of geological specimens — syn: geological dating"}, {"id": "card_src_word_geological_dating", "title": "geological dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "geological dating: (noun) use of chemical analysis to estimate the age of geological specimens — syn: dating"}, {"id": "card_src_word_potassium_argon_dating", "title": "potassium-argon dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "potassium-argon dating: (noun) geological dating that relies on the proportions of radioactive potassium in a rock sample and its decay product, argon"}, {"id": "card_src_word_rubidium_strontium_dating", "title": "rubidium-strontium dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "rubidium-strontium dating: (noun) geological dating based on the proportions of radioactive rubidium into its decay product strontium; radioactive rubidium has a half-life of 47,000,000,000 years"}, {"id": "card_src_word_radioactive_dating", "title": "radioactive dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "radioactive dating: (noun) measurement of the amount of radioactive material (usually carbon 14) that an object contains; can be used to estimate the age of the object"}, {"id": "card_src_comm_proverbs_15_26", "title": "Matthew Henry on Proverbs 15:26", "shelf": "commentary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "On Proverbs 15:26 — The former part of this verse speaks of thoughts, the latter of words, but they come all to one; for thoughts are words to God, and words are judged of by the thoughts from which t"}, {"id": "card_src_comm_proverbs_16_24", "title": "Matthew Henry on Proverbs 16:24", "shelf": "commentary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "On Proverbs 16:24 — The pleasant words here commended must be those which the heart of the wise teaches, and adds learning to (Pro 16:23), words of seasonable advice, instruction, and comfort, words t"}, {"id": "card_n_fd479429e947", "title": "Pirkei Avot §avot_02_09: He [Rabban Yohanan] said unto them: go forth and observe which is the right w...", "shelf": "classics", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "He [Rabban Yohanan] said unto them: go forth and observe which is the right way to which a man should cleave? Rabbi Eliezer said, a good eye; Rabbi Joshua said, a good companion; Rabbi Yose said, a go"}]}